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Torah / Pentateuch
Genesis
Creation, human vocation, sin, judgment, covenant, promise, family conflict, providence, and the beginnings of Israel. The study includes the Hebrew textual tradition, Greek Septuagint, Samaritan Pentateuch, and Qumran evidence.
Open the Genesis study guide
Torah / Pentateuch
Exodus
Oppression, liberation, Passover, covenant, law, worship, broken trust, renewed relationship, and the tabernacle. The study presents the historical debate through archaeology, Egyptology, textual evidence, and cultural-memory scholarship.
Open the Exodus study guide
Torah / Pentateuch
Leviticus
Offerings, priesthood, purity, the Day of Atonement, neighbor love, sacred time, land, Jubilee, and covenant life. The study distinguishes ritual status from moral guilt and treats difficult ethical debates with transparent scholarly sourcing.
Open the Leviticus study guide
Torah / Pentateuch
Numbers
Censuses, camp order, wilderness rebellion, intercession, Balaam, succession, inheritance, and a new generation preparing for the land. The study addresses census arithmetic, archaeology, gendered law, and war violence without hiding uncertainty or ethical difficulty.
Open the Numbers study guide
Torah / Pentateuch
Deuteronomy
Moses' final speeches, the Shema, remembered history, covenant law, justice, blessing and curse, succession, song, and the choice of life. The study distinguishes Mosaic tradition from literary formation and treats centralization, slavery, gendered law, and conquest violence directly.
Open the Deuteronomy study guide
Former Prophets / Historical Books
Joshua
Jordan crossing, Rahab, Jericho, land allotment, tribal unity, covenant renewal, archaeology, textual witnesses, and the moral problem of conquest. The study separates biblical theology from modern territorial claims and treats herem violence directly.
Open the Joshua study guide
Former Prophets / Historical Books
Judges
Deborah, Gideon, Jephthah, Samson, recurring deliverance, compromised leadership, archaeology, textual witnesses, and social collapse. The study addresses vows, sexual violence, civil war, and monarchy without sanitizing victims or turning flawed leaders into simple heroes.
Open the Judges study guide
Writings / Five Megillot / Historical Books
Ruth
Naomi, Ruth, Boaz, famine, migration, gleaning, loyal kindness, kinship redemption, Davidic ancestry, and Shavuot reception. The study explains the date debate, four Qumran witnesses, Ruth 3 ambiguity, Moabite identity, and why the marriage is levirate-like rather than a simple case of Deuteronomy 25.
Open the Ruth study guide
Former Prophets / Historical Books
1 Samuel
Hannah, Samuel, the ark, Saul, David, Jonathan, Abigail, contested monarchy, royal failure, and political survival. The study explains layered composition, four Qumran witnesses, the shorter Greek Goliath narrative, Amalek, Endor, archaeology, and the tragedy of Saul without simplifying its difficult questions.
Open the 1 Samuel study guide
Former Prophets / Historical Books
2 Samuel
David's reign, Jerusalem, the ark, the Davidic promise, Bathsheba, Uriah, Tamar, Absalom, Mephibosheth, Rizpah, and the census. The study explains three Qumran witnesses, disputed literary layers, royal accountability, sexual violence, disability, state power, and the closing theological collection.
Open the 2 Samuel study guide
Former Prophets / Historical Books
1 Kings
Solomon's succession, wisdom, temple, labor system, divided kingdom, Elijah, Ahab, Jezebel, Naboth, and Micaiah. The study explains three Qumran witnesses, Hebrew and Greek editions, royal power, land justice, religious violence, archaeology, and difficult prophetic narratives.
Open the 1 Kings study guide
Former Prophets / Historical Books
2 Kings
Elisha, Naaman, Jehu, Samaria's fall, Hezekiah, Manasseh, Huldah, Josiah, Jerusalem's destruction, exile, and Jehoiachin. The study explains Hebrew and Greek witnesses, the absence of a surviving Qumran 2 Kings fragment, imperial records, war trauma, disease stigma, political violence, and restrained hope.
Open the 2 Kings study guide
Writings / Historical Books
1 Chronicles
Genealogies from Adam, all Israel, David, the ark, covenant, worship, temple preparation, the census, and Solomon's commission. The study explains Persian-period composition, Hebrew and Greek witnesses, the 4Q118 Qumran caveat, women and belonging, differences from Samuel, royal accountability, and postexilic hope.
Open the 1 Chronicles study guide
Writings / Historical Books
2 Chronicles
Solomon's temple, Judah's kings, reform, prophecy, exile, and Cyrus's call to return. The study examines Hebrew, Greek, and Qumran witnesses, 2 Chronicles 7:14, Asa and physicians, Athaliah, Uzziah, Manasseh, Josiah, historical memory, and pastoral safeguards.
Open the 2 Chronicles study guide
Writings / Historical Books
Ezra
Return, temple rebuilding, Persian administration, Torah, identity, and an incomplete restoration. The study examines Hebrew and Aramaic, 4Q117, Ezra-Nehemiah, 1 Esdras, the Cyrus Cylinder, disputed imperial documents, and responsible interpretation of Ezra 9-10.
Open the Ezra study guide
Writings / Historical Books
Nehemiah
Prayer, wall rebuilding, communal labor, debt and slavery, Torah reading, historical confession, worship, imperial administration, archaeology, contested authority, and responsible interpretation of Nehemiah 13.
Open the Nehemiah study guide
Writings / Five Megillot / Historical Books
Esther
Hidden providence, diaspora identity, threatened survival, courage, reversal, and Purim. The study distinguishes Hebrew and Greek Esther, examines Persian setting and genre, and addresses coercion, extermination rhetoric, and the violence of chapters 8-9 responsibly.
Open the Esther study guide
Writings / Wisdom and Poetry
Job
Innocent suffering, honest protest, contested wisdom, the divine speeches, and restoration. The study explains difficult Hebrew, shorter Greek Job, five Qumran witnesses, Job 19 and 42 translation debates, Behemoth and Leviathan, slavery, bereavement, and responsible pastoral use.
Open the Job study guide
Writings / Wisdom and Poetry
Psalms
Prayer, poetry, praise, lament, protest, worship, kingship, and hope across generations. The study explains Davidic superscriptions, five-book formation, Hebrew parallelism, Greek numbering, Qumran plurality, Psalm 151, and the difficult interpretation of Psalms 22, 82, 110, and 137.
Open the Psalms study guide
Writings / Wisdom and Poetry
Proverbs
Wise judgment, character, speech, work, money, relationships, justice, and life before God. The study explains Solomon and the named collections, proverb forms, Amenemope, Greek and Qumran witnesses, Woman Wisdom, Proverbs 8:22, Proverbs 22:6, Proverbs 26:4-5, Proverbs 31, and safe interpretation of discipline texts.
Open the Proverbs study guide
Writings / Wisdom and Poetry
Ecclesiastes
Vapor, time, work, oppression, enjoyment, aging, death, and reverence before God. The study examines Qoheleth's Solomonic persona, likely Hellenistic-era setting, Late Biblical Hebrew, Greek and Qumran witnesses, the meaning of hevel, Ecclesiastes 3, the difficult sayings about women in chapter 7, and the epilogue's relationship to the book.
Open the Ecclesiastes study guide
Writings / Wisdom and Poetry / Five Megillot
Song of Songs
Desire, mutual delight, embodied praise, absence, searching, family pressure, violence, love, death, and reception. The study examines anonymous authorship, the ambiguous Solomonic title, disputed date, Hebrew and Greek texts, four Qumran witnesses, Black and beautiful in Song 1:5, the watchmen in Song 5, the flame in Song 8, and Jewish and Christian allegory.
Open the Song of Songs study guide
Latter Prophets / Major Prophets
Isaiah
Holiness, justice, Assyrian crisis, exile, comfort, Zion, servant figures, nations, and new creation. The study explains Isaiah ben Amoz and later prophetic voices, the Great Isaiah Scroll, Hebrew and Greek traditions, major literary divisions, Isaiah 7:14, 14:12, 45:7, 53, empire, gendered imagery, and Jewish and Christian reception.
Open the Isaiah study guide
Latter Prophets / Major Prophets
Jeremiah
Prophetic truth, Babylonian conquest, burned scrolls, lament, exile, covenant, and restoration. The study explains Jeremiah of Anathoth, Baruch and scribal growth, the shorter Greek edition, six Qumran witnesses, Jeremiah 8:8, 20, 29:11, and 31, debt-slavery, gendered violence, and Jewish and Christian reception.
Open the Jeremiah study guide
Five Megillot / Poetry after Catastrophe
Lamentations
Five poems of grief after Jerusalem's destruction. The study explains anonymous authorship, Hebrew acrostics, four Qumran witnesses, Daughter Zion, children under siege, Lamentations 3, trauma-aware reading, Tisha B'Av, and the unresolved ending.
Open the Lamentations study guide
Latter Prophets / Major Prophets
Ezekiel
Divine presence in exile, judgment, responsibility, restoration, and renewed creation. The study explains Ezekiel the priest-prophet, dated oracles, six Qumran witnesses, Old Greek and Papyrus 967, the throne vision, sexualized violence, "not good" laws, the king of Tyre, dry bones, Gog and Magog, and the temple river.
Open the Ezekiel study guide
Writings / Major Prophet
Daniel
Faithful witness under empire, symbolic visions, divine sovereignty, resurrection, and hope. The study distinguishes the book's sixth-century setting from its second-century final form, explains its Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek editions and eight Qumran witnesses, and treats the four kingdoms, Son of Man, seventy weeks, angelic princes, Daniel 11, Susanna, and Bel and the Dragon with careful historical and theological safeguards.
Open the Daniel study guide
Latter Prophets / The Twelve
Hosea
Hosea's witness in the final decades of northern Israel, Assyrian pressure, covenant rupture, loyal love, knowledge of God, and persistent hope. The study explains the book's layered formation, Hebrew and Greek witnesses, place in the Book of the Twelve, marriage and family metaphors, Hosea 6:6, 11:1, and 13:14, ecological judgment, and responsible reading that never turns prophetic rhetoric into permission for abuse.
Open the Hosea study guide
Latter Prophets / The Twelve
Joel
A locust and drought catastrophe becomes a summons to communal lament, wholehearted return, ecological restoration, expanded prophetic access, and justice for people scattered, plundered, and trafficked. The study explains Joel's likely Persian-period setting, Hebrew and Greek witnesses, two Qumran manuscripts, dual chapter numbering, the Day of the Lord, Joel 2:28 and Acts 2, difficult judgment imagery, and responsible reading without disaster-blaming or prophecy codes.
Open the Joel study guide
Latter Prophets / The Twelve
Amos
Amos confronts a prosperous kingdom whose courts, markets, landholding, worship, and elite households harm vulnerable people. The study explains Jeroboam II's eighth-century setting, Hebrew and Greek witnesses, four Judean Desert manuscript groups, the Day of the Lord, justice like waters, five visions, Amos and Amaziah, the disputed "plumb line," Acts 7 and 15, restoration, and responsible reading without ethnic codes, misogyny, or disaster-blaming.
Open the Amos study guide
Latter Prophets / The Twelve
Obadiah
The Hebrew Bible's shortest book condemns Edom's pride, opportunism, and participation in Jerusalem's catastrophe, then widens its vision to the Day of YHWH and restoration. The study explains disputed dating, Edom and Judah's remembered kinship, the Jeremiah 49 parallel, Hebrew and Greek witnesses, two Judean Desert manuscripts, land language, difficult judgment rhetoric, and responsible reading without mapping Edom onto modern peoples or authorizing inherited guilt and revenge.
Open the Obadiah study guide
Latter Prophets / The Twelve
Jonah
A resistant prophet flees his commission to Nineveh, prays from the great fish, announces judgment, and becomes angry when an imperial city turns from violence and receives mercy. The study explains Jonah son of Amittai, likely Persian-period composition, Assyrian memory, genre and historicity, Hebrew and Greek witnesses, Yom Kippur reception, the sign of Jonah, the debated psalm, the qiqayon, and responsible reading that neither romanticizes empire nor restricts divine compassion.
Open the Jonah study guide
Latter Prophets / The Twelve
Micah
Micah confronts rulers, judges, priests, prophets, merchants, and landholders who consume households while trusting Zion's institutions to protect them. The study explains Micah the Moreshethite, Assyrian pressure, later literary growth, Hebrew and Greek witnesses, the disputed location of Moresheth, land seizure, the mountain of peace, the Bethlehem ruler, Micah 6:8, final pardon, Tashlich, New Testament reception, and responsible reading that joins justice, accountability, peace, and mercy.
Open the Micah study guide
Latter Prophets / The Twelve
Nahum
Nahum celebrates the fall of Nineveh while exposing the interpretive danger of rejoicing in an enemy's devastation. The study explains the unknown location of Elkosh, the historical range between Thebes and Nineveh, Hebrew and Greek witnesses, the debated alphabetic pattern, siege poetry, lion imagery, sexualized humiliation, children harmed by conquest, the Pesher Nahum, Jonah-Nahum comparisons, and responsible reading that affirms hope for victims without endorsing misogyny, ethnic hatred, collective punishment, or revenge.
Open the Nahum study guide
Latter Prophets / The Twelve
Habakkuk
Habakkuk turns prophetic speech into a sustained argument about unanswered violence, Babylonian domination, faithful endurance, and joy that survives economic collapse. The study explains the prophet's uncertain biography, late seventh- and early sixth-century setting, Hebrew and Greek witnesses, Habakkuk 2:4 and emunah, the five woes, coerced exposure, ecological devastation, the divine-warrior poem, the composition debate around chapter 3, Pesher Habakkuk, Pauline reception, and safeguards against glorifying conquest or blaming people who struggle to rejoice.
Open the Habakkuk study guide
Latter Prophets / The Twelve
Zephaniah
Zephaniah announces the Day of the Lord against divided worship, violent households, complacent wealth, corrupt leadership, and imperial pride before ending with purified speech, a humble and poor remnant, divine joy, gathered outcasts, and restored honor. The study explains the prophet's genealogy, Josiah's reign, disputed relation to reform, Hebrew and Greek witnesses, Judean Desert manuscripts and pesharim, de-creation, judgment of nations, Zephaniah 3:17, and safeguards for disability, poverty, ethnic rhetoric, and fear-based preaching.
Open the Zephaniah study guide
Latter Prophets / The Twelve
Haggai
Haggai addresses a small restoration community during four urgent months in 520 BCE, calling governor, high priest, and people to rebuild Jerusalem's temple in confidence that God is present. The study explains Darius I, Persian Yehud, the five dated messages, harvest and labor, memory of former glory, covenant and Spirit, Haggai 2:7, holiness and impurity, Zerubbabel's signet, Hebrews 12, and safeguards against prosperity preaching, victim-blaming, coercive fundraising, and political misuse.
Open the Haggai study guide
Latter Prophets / The Twelve
Zechariah
Zechariah joins dated Persian-period restoration prophecy to night visions, leadership scenes, justice-centered fasting, a humble king, shepherd dramas, a pierced and mourned figure, and a difficult Day of the Lord. The study explains the book's composite formation, Hebrew and Greek witnesses, Joshua and Zerubbabel, Branch traditions, New Testament reception, and safeguards for gendered imagery, abusive leadership, antisemitism, sexual violence, and speculative headline prophecy.
Open the Zechariah study guide
Latter Prophets / The Twelve
Malachi
Malachi closes the Twelve with arguments about divine love, damaged worship, priestly responsibility, covenant betrayal, delayed justice, economic exploitation, tithes, remembrance, the Day of the Lord, Moses, and Elijah. The study explains the debated name and authorship, fifth-century Persian Yehud, six disputations, 4QXIIa and Old Greek evidence, Malachi 2:16, messenger traditions, New Testament reception, and safeguards against antisemitism, abuse entrapment, coercive giving, and prosperity preaching.
Open the Malachi study guide
New Testament / Gospels
Matthew
Matthew presents Jesus as Messiah, Emmanuel, teacher, healer, crucified servant, and risen Lord. The study explains the anonymous Greek text and later Matthew tradition, likely post-70 setting, Synoptic relationships, early papyri and major codices, five-discourse organization, Torah and fulfillment, women and gentiles, disability, divorce and safety, judgment, Matthew 27:25, mission, resurrection, and responsible reading.
Open the Matthew study guide
New Testament / Gospels
Mark
Mark presents good news through kingdom proclamation, contested authority, partial sight, costly discipleship, servant leadership, Roman crucifixion, and an empty tomb. The study explains the John Mark tradition, anonymous Greek text, dating around 70 CE, Markan priority, early manuscripts, the ending at 16:8 and later endings, women witnesses, disability, marriage safety, wealth, the temple, anti-Judaism, and responsible reading.
Open the Mark study guide
New Testament / Gospels
Luke
Luke presents good news through Spirit, prayer, reversal, mercy, meals, care for poor and socially excluded people, a journey to Jerusalem, Roman crucifixion, embodied resurrection, and witness continued in Acts. The study explains the ancient Luke tradition, anonymous Greek text, probable date in the 80s or 90s, source models, papyri, variants, census problem, women, wealth, disability, Samaritans, empire, and responsible reading.
Open the Luke study guide
New Testament / Gospels
John
John presents Jesus as the Word made flesh whose signs, service, death, and resurrection reveal God and offer life. The study explains the beloved disciple and authorship debate, probable late-first-century date, Greek manuscripts, major variants, Passover chronology, the Spirit-Paraclete, women, disability, Judaism, Roman power, love, resurrection, and responsible reading.
Open the John study guide
New Testament / Acts
Acts
Acts follows witness from Jerusalem toward Rome through the Spirit, speeches, travel, conflict, hospitality, persecution, law, and unresolved history. The study explains Luke-Acts authorship, the "we" passages, date and genre, manuscripts and variants, Pentecost, Israel and Gentiles, Paul and his letters, women, slavery, disability, possessions, empire, and responsible reading.
Open the Acts study guide
New Testament / Pauline Letters
Romans
Paul’s letter to assemblies in Rome develops the gospel, God’s faithfulness, justification, life in the Spirit, Israel and the nations, transformed community, political responsibility, and mission. The completed study also treats Tertius, Phoebe, Junia, manuscript evidence, difficult reception histories, and responsible reading.
Open the Romans study guide
New Testament / Pauline Letters
First Corinthians
Paul and Sosthenes address a divided and gifted Corinthian assembly. The 40-source study follows the cross, bodies, marriage, idol food, women praying and prophesying, the Lord’s Supper, gifts, love, resurrection, manuscript evidence, disputed readings, and explicit safeguards.
Open the First Corinthians study guide
New Testament / Pauline Letters
Second Corinthians
Paul and Timothy address comfort, reconciliation, integrity, the Jerusalem collection, rival workers, beatings, visions, the thorn, and power in weakness. The 40-source study also explains the correspondence and letter-unity debates with anti-coercion safeguards.
Open the Second Corinthians study guide
New Testament / Pauline Letters
Galatians
Paul addresses Gentile assemblies in Galatia about his gospel, Abraham, promise and law, justification, circumcision, baptismal unity, Hagar and Sarah, freedom, the Spirit, burdens, the cross, and new creation. The 40-source study names major debates and explicit anti-Judaism safeguards.
Open the Galatians study guide
New Testament / Pauline Letters
Ephesians
The letter presents Paul as sender and names Tychicus while authorship and destination remain disputed. The 40-source study examines grace, good works, Jew-Gentile peace, gifts, households, slavery, armor, spiritual powers, prayer, and responsible interpretation.
Open the Ephesians study guide
New Testament / Pauline Letters
Philippians
Paul and Timothy address a partner community from prison. The 40-source study examines Philippi, Epaphroditus, Christ's humility, resurrection, Euodia and Syntyche, anxiety, citizenship, generosity, contentment, and responsible interpretation.
Open the Philippians study guide
New Testament / Pauline Letters
Colossians
The letter names Paul and Timothy while historical authorship remains disputed. The 40-source study examines Christ and creation, powers, baptism, new humanity, households, Tychicus, Onesimus, Nympha, and responsible interpretation.
Open the Colossians study guide
New Testament / Pauline Letters
First Thessalonians
Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy encourage a pressured assembly through faith, love, hope, holiness, responsible work, resurrection consolation, watchfulness, discernment, peace, and explicit anti-Judaism safeguards. The study cites 40 sources.
Open the First Thessalonians study guide
New Testament / Pauline Letters
Second Thessalonians
The letter names Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy while historical authorship remains disputed. The 40-source study keeps date models distinct and treats judgment, the day of the Lord, the man of lawlessness, the restrainer, work, restorative correction, and peace responsibly.
Open the Second Thessalonians study guide
New Testament / Pastoral Epistles
First Timothy
The letter presents Paul writing to Timothy in Ephesus while historical authorship remains disputed. The 40-source study examines prayer, women and teaching, accountable leaders, widows, evidence, slavery, wealth, generosity, and responsible interpretation.
Open the First Timothy study guide
New Testament / Pastoral Epistles
Second Timothy
The letter presents Paul as a prisoner writing to Timothy near death while historical authorship remains disputed. The 40-source study examines Lois and Eunice, gift and courage, endurance, gentle correction, Scripture, patient proclamation, farewell, and hope.
Open the Second Timothy study guide
New Testament / Pastoral Epistles
Titus
The letter presents Paul commissioning Titus in Crete while historical authorship remains disputed. The 40-source study examines accountable leaders, the Cretan stereotype, households, slavery, grace, mercy, gentleness, and good works.
Open the Titus study guide
New Testament / Pauline Letters
Philemon
Paul appeals to Philemon concerning Onesimus before a house assembly. The 40-source study examines reconstruction, Roman slavery, power and consent, beloved kinship, restitution, reception history, freedom, and return-to-danger safeguards.
Open the Philemon study guide
New Testament / Hebrews
Hebrews
The anonymous Koine Greek sermon-letter presents Jesus as Son and high priest. The 40-source study examines Melchizedek, covenant, sacrifice, faith, warnings, endurance, supersessionism, and trauma-aware safeguards.
Open the Hebrews study guide
New Testament / Catholic Epistles
James
The letter's authorship remains debated while its wisdom summons hearers to become doers. The 40-source study examines trials, faith and works, rich and poor, speech, prayer, healing, and non-coercive care.
Open the James study guide
New Testament / Catholic Epistles
First Peter
The letter names Peter and addresses chosen sojourners across Asia Minor. The 40-source study examines Silvanus, living hope, Israel-language, suffering, slavery, marriage, baptism, leadership, supersessionism, and trauma-aware safeguards.
Open the First Peter study guide
New Testament / Catholic Epistles
Second Peter
The letter presents Symeon Peter's final testimony while historical authorship remains sharply disputed. The 40-source study examines divine nature, transfiguration, prophecy, Jude, exploitative teachers, parousia, cosmic judgment, and new creation.
Open the Second Peter study guide
New Testament / Johannine Letters
First John
The anonymous Johannine exhortation joins fellowship, confession, incarnation, discernment, material care, assurance, prayer, and God's prior love. The 40-source study distinguishes community conflict from modern scapegoating and rejects perfectionism, trauma shame, and guaranteed-outcome prayer.
Open the First John study guide
New Testament / Johannine Letters
Second John
The elder writes to the elect lady about truth, love, incarnation, teaching, and hospitality. The 40-source study labels the new Eclecte proposal carefully and limits the house-hospitality warning so it cannot authorize coercive shunning or denial of care.
Open the Second John study guide
New Testament / Johannine Letters
Third John
The elder writes to Gaius about truth practiced through hospitality, mission support, the reported conduct of Diotrephes, and the commendation of Demetrius. The 40-source study joins leadership accountability with evidence, fair process, safeguarding, and care.
Open the Third John study guide
New Testament / Catholic Epistles
Jude
The brother of James urges faithful perseverance, prayer, hope, and mercy while drawing on First Enoch and a Moses tradition. The 40-source study documents textual variants and rejects violence, dehumanization, coercive rescue, anti-LGBTQ misuse, and body shame.
Open the Jude study guide
New Testament / Apocalypse
Revelation
John's apocalypse addresses seven churches with visions of faithful witness, divine judgment, renewed creation, and the New Jerusalem. The 40-source study distinguishes historical interpretation from date-setting, conspiracy claims, antisemitism, coercion, and violent misuse.
Open the Revelation study guide
Ethiopian Orthodox Canon
Second Ezra
The Ethiopian Orthodox title refers here to the nine-chapter work also called 1 Esdras, Greek Ezra, or Esdras A—not Ezra Sutuel. The 40-source study traces its Greek and Ge'ez evidence, literary structure, canon, and ethical safeguards.
Open the Ethiopian Second Ezra study guide
Ethiopian Orthodox Canon
Ezra Sutuel
The 40-source study identifies Ezra Sutuel as the Jewish apocalypse 4 Ezra or 2 Esdras 3-14, not 1 Esdras. Follow its seven revelations from grief and dialogue to Zion, empire, messianic hope, and restored books.
Open the Ezra Sutuel study guide
Catholic and Orthodox Canon
Tobit
The 40-source study examines Tobit's Aramaic and Hebrew Qumran copies, longer and shorter Greek forms, Raphael, Sarah, marriage, healing, almsgiving, burial, canon, and trauma-aware safeguards.
Open the Tobit study guide
Catholic and Orthodox Canon
Judith
The 40-source study examines Judith's composite historical setting, Greek textual forms, ancient translations, courage under imperial violence, gender, consent, canon, and trauma-aware safeguards.
Open the Judith study guide
Ethiopian Orthodox Canon
Tegsats (Reproof)
The 40-source study identifies Tegsats as the Ethiopian canonical division corresponding to Proverbs 25–31, then studies its collections, transmission, royal counsel, justice, poverty, discipline, and capable-woman poem.
Open the Tegsats study guide
Ethiopian Orthodox Canon
Metsihafe Tibeb
The 40-source study identifies Metsihafe Tibeb as the Wisdom of Solomon, then studies its anonymous Greek Jewish authorship, probable Alexandrian setting, personified Wisdom, justice, Exodus retelling, canon, and safeguards.
Open the Metsihafe Tibeb study guide
Ethiopian Broader Canon
Josippon
The 40-source study distinguishes medieval Josippon from Flavius Josephus and traces the Joseph ben Gorion history through Hebrew, Arabic, Christian Arabic, and Ge'ez Zena Ayhud reception.
Open the Josippon study guide
Ethiopian Church Order
Sirate Tsion
The 40-source study identifies Sirate Tsion with the 30 Canons after the Ascension within the Ge'ez Sinodos, preserving the naming caveat, manuscript variation, and non-coercive safeguards.
Open the Sirate Tsion study guide
Ethiopian Church Order
Tizaz
The 40-source study identifies Tizaz with the 71-canons Statutes of the Apostles, explains 72-title and 72-order witnesses, and maps its layered church-order sources.
Open the Tizaz study guide
Ethiopian Church Order
Gitsew (Gessew)
The 40-source study identifies Gitsew with the traditional 56 Apostolic Canons, explains Schodde's 57-item segmentation, and distinguishes it from Abtilis.
Open the Gitsew study guide
Ethiopian Church Order
Abtilis (Abtelis)
The 40-source study anchors Abtilis to the traditional 81 Apostolic Canons while preserving distinct 80-, 81-, 82-, and 83-item recensions or segmentations.
Open the Abtilis study guide
Ethiopian Church Order
First Book of Dominos
The 40-source study identifies First Dominos with the sixty-chapter Ge'ez Mäṣḥafä Kidan or Testamentum Domini and distinguishes its apocalyptic opening from its liturgical and community order.
Open the First Dominos study guide
Ethiopian Composite Revelation
Second Book of Dominos
The 40-source study identifies Second Dominos with the Testamentum Domini in Galilee and preserves the boundary between its later eleven-chapter preface and older Epistula Apostolorum.
Open the Second Dominos study guide
Ethiopian Broader Canon
Ethiopian Book of Clement
The 40-source study identifies the seven-book Maṣḥafa QalemÇná¹os, distinguishes its Peter-and-Clement literary frame from historical authorship, and maps its manuscript and literary relationships.
Open the Ethiopian Book of Clement study guide
Ethiopian Church Order
Ethiopian Didascalia
The 40-source study identifies the 43-chapter DidÇsqÇlyÄ, relates it carefully to Apostolic Constitutions 1–7, and separates it from similarly named church orders.
Open the Ethiopian Didascalia study guide
Ancient Jewish Apocalypse
First Enoch
A composite Jewish work about rebellious angels, heavenly order, judgment, history, and the vindication of the righteous. The study explains its Aramaic witnesses, complete Ethiopic preservation, debated dates, and Ethiopian canonical reception.
Open the First Enoch study guide
Ethiopian Canon / Second Temple Judaism
Jubilees
An anonymous Hebrew retelling of Genesis and early Exodus organized through Sinai revelation, heavenly tablets, forty-nine-year jubilees, covenant, and a 364-day calendar. The study examines its Qumran manuscripts, complete Ge'ez preservation, theology, difficult boundary rhetoric, and Ethiopian Orthodox canonical reception.
Open the Jubilees study guide
Ethiopian Orthodox Canon / Ge'ez
First Meqabyan
A Ge'ez Ethiopian scriptural work distinct from Greek 1 Maccabees. The study explains its unknown author and uncertain date, traditional 36-chapter structure, manuscript evidence, resistance to idolatry, resurrection, justice, accountable kingship, canonical home, and responsible comparison with other writings.
Open the First Meqabyan study guide
Ethiopian Orthodox Canon / Ge'ez
Second Meqabyan
An Ethiopian work distinct from Greek 2 Maccabees, with conquest and repentance, faithful resistance, resurrection teaching, justice, manuscript evidence, and a documented 20/21-chapter difference.
Open the Second Meqabyan study guide
Ethiopian Orthodox Canon / Ge'ez
Third Meqabyan
A ten-chapter Ethiopian exhortation distinct from Greek 3 Maccabees, treating Adam, pride, repentance, mortality, resurrection, judgment, charity, prayer, and love.
Open the Third Meqabyan study guide
Wisdom / Ethiopian Orthodox Canon
Sirach
A Jerusalem wisdom book associated with Jesus ben Sira and preserved in Hebrew, Greek, Syriac, Latin, and Ge'ez traditions. The completed study examines instruction, worship, friendship, speech, creation, Israel’s ancestors, textual transmission, canonical reception, and responsible use.
Open the Sirach study guide
